Ubour
The most commond species of vampire in Bulgaria, although others recognized there include the
vapir and the vurkolak. THe ubour is created when a person meets a violent, sudden death, when a
cat jumps over a corpse, or when a spirit refuses to leave its body by sheer force of will. The
corpse remains in the ground for forty days, bloated and filled with a gelatinous substance until
a skeleton forms. Once risen, the ubour causes all kinds of mischief, drinking blood only when
other nourishment (regular food and dung) is not available. Its destruction is usually undertaken
by a trained vampire killer known as the vampirdzhija. This sorcerer can detect the ubour before
it has formed and can destroy it after it has risen most commonly by bottling this type of
vampire has only one nostril possesses a barded tongue and emits sparks during the night.

Upir
Also opir, a vampire species found in the Ukraine. It is generally similar to the Russian type,
upyr, but it is distinguished by its habits of eating large amounts of fish. This name is also
used for the vampries in some regions of Czechoslavakia.

Upor
A Byelorussian vampire species whose name is a variation on the traditional Russian upyr. The
creature is noted for its ability to assume various forms and to ride horses.

Upyr
One of the most commond vampire species of Russia. The traditions relating to this species vary
from region to region but are found most developed in Ukraine and White Russia. The upyr has a
fairly blood-thirsty nature, sucking first the blood of children and then proceeding to their
parents. They have teeth like iron that they use to chew their way through obstacles, especially
during the winter when their hands freeze in the cold earth. As with the Kashubian and the Polish
vampires, the upyr wanders during the day, usually from noon until midnight. When trying to
destroy it, it is suggested that a thread somehow be hooked to one of its buttons so that it can
be traced back to its lair. Once discovered, holy water should be sprinkled about in large
amounts and a stake pounded into the creature's chest. Care must be taken, however, that only one
strike accomplished the deed, for two strikes will bring the upyr back to life in a somewhat
testy mood, and the hunters may perish as a result. The upyr is also feared as a heart devourer,
and it can be destroyed as well by decapitation (with one blow) and by cremation.

Ustrel
A thirsty species of vampire in Bulgaria that preys exclusively on cattle, thought to be the
returned spirit of a Christian child who was born ona Saturday but died before receiving baptism.
Nine days after burial, the child claws its way out of the grave and searches for a herd of
cattle. These poor beasts then serve his blood needs, and within ten days the ustrel is strong
enough to remain aboveground, nestled in the horns of an animal or between the hind legs of a
mulch cow. This vampire always starts feeding on the fattest, healthiests animals, moving down
the ranks and leaving bloated carcasses in its wake. Needherd is moved through the flames. For
several days, however, no man or woman can approach the reamins of the fire, or the ustrel will
call out his or her name and follow him or her home. If left alone, the ustrel will eventually be
destroyed by a wolf.

Utukku
A Babylonian spirit, considered by a some to be a kind of vampirelike phantom; also viewed as a
demon. Generally it is the spirit of a dead person that has come from the grave for a particular
reason. Much more feared is the ekimmu, the departed spirit.